Introduction In both GIS (Gas Insulated Substation) and AIS (Air Insulated Substation) facilities, partial discharges (PD) represent a silent threat that can compromise the insulation system and service continuity. Early detection is essential to prevent costly failures and to plan effective maintenance interventions. For this reason, both

Introduction As noted in previous articles, electrical engineering has been a cornerstone in the development of modern society, continuously exploring new technologies to advance the energy landscape. Discussions have covered GIS substations and the pros and cons of SF6 gas. However, despite the wide range of gas-insulated